This thesis begins with general description of the nerve cells (neuron), its structure and its function in the human body. Besides, there are explained the processes of depolarization and repolarization , which are extremely important for human movement. Also, there is described recording of EMG signal. Then are outlined general characteristics of the EMG signal and it is presented basic subprocess of analog - digital conversion, which is an extremely important step before the start of the signal processing. Then we proceed to the pre-treatment phase in which the signal is preparing to enter into the main processing. The analogy leads us to the chapter Processing of EMG signal, the longest and most essential chapter of this work, which explained some of the basic methods of processing EMG signal like Fourier transform, discrete Fourier transform, Fourier transform in a short time ( STFT ), wavelet transformation and algorithm of artificial neural networks. This work ends with presenting of conclusion.